Reading is to the mind like exercise t the body Essay

Long before the invention of printing people valued books as treasure troves of the human knowledge and experience. Hand-written manuscripts took months of writing and were collected and kept in monasteries with all utmost care. Why are they so precious? To my mind, a book is one of the greatest wonders in the world. It gives us a unique chance to link up with authors who lived hundreds and thousands years ago. Thanks to the books we can talk to people who lived in different ages and countries. Books are the surest way to bring nations together. They give us an insight not only into the past but also into the future. A book is a faithful friend. Books stir my imagination, expand the boundaries of the familiar world. Some books teach us to live, form our moral values, some entertain us and give pleasure, some are very helpful in difficult situations. Even in the modern age of rapidly developing information technology I still feel the greatest and most efficient way of expending our knowledge is by reading. Reading is like doing exercises. It’s very important for people to have some regular exercises. This is very good for the posture, which I believe greatly affects the general health of the body and makes you stronger, and makes you feel good. After doing some strenuous exercise followed by a shower, you can really feel that your life is renewed and you have a fresh vigor with which to face the day. It seems to me that the more you exercise, the more you want to exercise. When you want and when you are able to use your body, you don’t feel so much like sitting around being lazy. The same can be said about reading. It develops a person’s logical and analytical thinking, it enriches a person’s vocabulary and gives a lot of life experience. It helps to understand other people, teaches how to behave in difficult situations, helps to avoid problems. Books serve the purpose of learning, teaching and instructing. They influence our emotions and form our moral values. After reading an interesting book I can really feel to my life is renewed and I have a fresh vigor with which to face the day. The more I read, the more I want to read. I feel thirst for new information, emotional effect and good piece of advice which can be obtained through reading. There are different kind of books, such as historical novels which show people’s life in old times; adventure stories which tell us about brave and clever people and their adventures; popular science fiction books which create imaginary worlds; detective stories which show crime, criminals and clever detectives; romantic novels which tell us about happy and unhappy love, people’s feelings; psychological dramas which show how people behave in different situations; and fairy-tales with imaginary heroes who fight for the good against the evil. I have always had a lot of books to read. But it’s difficult for me to choose my favorite writer out of a range of talented authors. Frankly speaking, I’m not keen on reading women’s novels, one-day fiction and tabloids. I am interested in real literature, the books that are to be â€Å"chewed and digested†. In my view, a good writer must have an ability to portray life truthfully, to describe nature with love and understanding. A good writer can always make people laugh or cry. He has a sense of humor, great lyrical power rich imagination.

Our Earth Essay

Our earth is made up 78 percent of water, and rest of it is land. Because of this, there is ample number of living organisms in land as well as water. It has plains, plateaus, mountains, valleys, deserts, forests, grasslands, oceans, seas, rivers, lakes etc. As there are various kinds of regions on earth, every region has its own kind of wild life as well as plant life. Earth has undergone a gradual change in its environment through its years of evolution. Our earth and its diverse environment: Plateaus, plains and valleys Plateaus: A plateau is a large highland area of fairly level land separated from surrounding land by steep slopes. Some plateaus, like the plateau of Tibet, lie between mountain ranges. Others are higher than surrounding land. Plateaus are widespread, and together with enclosed basins they cover about 45 percent of the Earth’s land surface. Plains: plains are broad, nearly level stretches of land that have no great changes in elevation. Plains are generally lower than the land around them; they may be found along a coast or inland. Coastal plains generally rise from sea level until they meet higher landforms such as mountains or plateaus. Inland plains may be found at high altitudes. Valleys: A valley is a hollow or surface depression of the earth bounded by hills or mountains, a natural trough in the earth’s surface, that slopes down to a stream, lake or the ocean, formed by water and/or ice erosion. Systems of valleys extend through plains, hills, and mountains. Rivers and streams flowing through valleys drain interior land regions to the ocean. At the bottom of many valleys is fertile soil, which makes excellent farmland. Most valleys on dry land are formed by running water of streams and rivers.

Arguments for and Against Juvenile Courts

Arguments for and Against Juvenile Courts Introduction In the United States we have two parallel systems that deal with individuals that commit crimes and or offenses against society. First we have the criminal justice system, a court which deals with adults who commit various crimes. Secondly, we have the juvenile justice system, a court designed especially for minors and is generally thought to help rehabilitate the offender. The salient difference between these two systems, as Mitcheal Ritter puts it, â€Å"is the use of distinct terminology to refer to their similar procedures. State and federal legislatures intended this terminological variation to avoid stigmatizing children as â€Å"criminals† and to dissociate the juvenile system from the criminal justice system† (Ritter 2010, 222). The major issue I intend to look at it is whether or not we should abolish the juvenile justice system. First, we will look at the position of keeping the current system, why it needs to stay in place, and why in the long r un it is the most beneficial to the juvenile. Second, we will examine the research of Barry Feld, one of the most influential advocates on why it needs to be abolished because of the lack of constitutional rights that a juvenile does not receive while being tried under the Juvenile justice system. Thirdly, I will be looking at each party’s positions and critiquing it to see it what the strong and weak points are. Finally, I will present my own opinion on whether to keep it, abolish it, or create a whole new system altogether. Presentation of Position A: Do Not Abolish the Juvenile System To try a juvenile in adult court is by no means the right decision. In this section we will look at evidence and arguments on why the juvenile justice system should not be abolished. Juveniles are different from adults and therefore should not be allowed to stand trial in the criminal justice system. Children are not well enough developed mentally, as compared to an adult, to be tried in the adult correctional system. This is why many people take the stance, â€Å"no way should we get rid of the juvenile justice system.† The â€Å"director of the state’s (Washington) Bureau of Juvenile Detention Services is seeking to keep 16- and 17-year-old offenders out of the state’s criminal justice system† (McNeil 2008). To lock up a child in an adult correction facility is by no means the right idea even if they are â€Å"separate† from the adults. If a juvenile commits an â€Å"adult crime† like robbery, theft or in most cases drug crimes, a quick fix is to incarcerate that individual in an adult prison to punish him and protect society. While this may work for adults, it is inappropriate for a youth. Advocates argue that we must keep the juvenile justice system because â€Å"many studies also have found that significantly harsher punishments are meted out to juveniles in adult court when compared with juveniles in juvenile court, parti cularly for serious or violent offenses† (Kurlycheck and Johnson 2010, 727). Sending a juvenile to adult court at such a young age can be problematic for the child, because the court wants to be strict with the child by showing them that their behavior will not be tolerated and because in adult court the child will miss out on educational and rehabilitative programs more readily available in juvenile detention facilities. Kurlycheck and Johnson argue that â€Å"Juvenile courts are characterized by disposition options that fundamentally differ from adult courts in their symbolic meaning, punitive and treatment alternatives, and punishment goals† (2010). In a study in Pennsylvania, Kurlycheck and Johnson compared a sample of juveniles tried in juvenile court with juveniles who were transferred to adult court and showed that the adult courts were harsher on the juvenile: â€Å"On average, their sentences were 80 percent more severe than for their young adult counterpartsà ¢â‚¬  (Kurlycheck and Johnson 2010, 729).

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health Care Reform - Essay Example Public policy addresses a wide range of issues ranging from crime to education to health, and social welfare. Many policies are similar in countries with similar structure of governments and ideals. Creation of public policy is a long well checked and all- inclusive process that ensures that only the best policies are formulated. Some scholars have simply defined public policy as the action, laws measures of regulation, and funding priorities covering a given topic put into action by a government or its proxies. Public policy is in many cases enshrined "in constitutions, acts of parliament, and judicial decisions. Public policy is divided into domestic and foreign policy. Domestic policy Domestic policy is the area of public policy concerned with government programs, laws, and administrative decisions that cover the happenings within a country’s borders and that attempt at bettering the lives of the citizens within the country. Health care Health care is an important sector th at affects the whole population and which governments ought to give due weight when formulating policies on the same. It is the duty of every government to ensure that the general populace is in good health. This ensures not only people having faith in the government, but also maximum productivity in all other sectors. In formulating policy, the government must consider accessibility to health care where all citizens need to be in a position to physically access health facilities. The government must also consider the affordability of the same and ensure health care is not too costly for the general populace. The government must also ensure that the quality of care for its citizenry. Recent times have seen many governments attempt to reform their health sector. Among the reforms that have been attempted most is broadenings section of the population that accesses health and medical care coverage through use of either public sector or private sector insurance programs or companies res pectively. The governments have also put in place measures to expand the choice of health care providers such that consumers have the opportunity to choose. Efforts to improve quality of health care through use of up-to-date equipment and proper training of Health care providers have been put in place. Various attempts have also been put in place to ensure reduced costs of health care. The United States is one of the countries that have put in place innumerable measures to ensure that its citizens get high quality, easily accessible and affordable health care. Health care in the United States. There are a wide range of health care providers in the United States. The United States domestic policy makers place a great emphasis on the country’s health care systems. The United States government is ranked fourth in the world in the per capita spending on health at $3,426 behind. The only countries ahead of the US in this respect are Monaco, Norway and Luxembourg, all of which have a higher GDP per capita than the US. However the efforts have not had enough effect as the country is ranked 50th in the world life expectancy at 78.49. This falls behind the life expectancies of most developed and some developing countries. Life expectancy is one of the biggest indices of health care quality. The country has higher infant mortality rates than most developed countries.

Financial intermediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial intermediation - Essay Example It is noted that the systemic stability contributes to the risk reduction. This is achieved through geographic diversification and this is analysed by the two/three of the cross-province merger and acquisitions. The empirical findings have been derived by applying a probabilistic theoretical model. This has supported the efficiency hypothesis rather than the imminent failure hypothesis. Thus journal contributes value to the readers as it not only shed light on the debate in the literature but also has policy implications for the merger and acquisitions today. These policy implications hold great importance as the economists and policymakers need to have a good look at them and follow them in all the policies that design. Economists and policymakers’ grave concerns about megabank failures and their consequences on financial markets and the economy are reinforced by empirical evidence on the concentration-fragility hypothesis. It is noted that the consolidation and systemic risk are positively related, although other factors also contributed to the increased risk. Moreover, it is stated that banking crises are less likely in more concentrated banking systems among 70 countries over 1980-97. However, this is not a hard and fast rule and there is a probability of concentration- fragility hypothesis which need to be analysed as well. ... New megabanks like the Citibank are also emerging. Thus, there is more concentration of banks thereby increasing the systemic banking risk. The importance of competitiveness is well known throughout the land but the Minister of Finance of the Canadian Government proposed bank mergers in 1998. However, there is a mixed result found after the mergers and acquisitions of the financial institutions have taken place. Moreover, the public policy implications are also very essential to be noted because they influence the allocation of the total amount of money available from the merged banks. This may involve conflicts of interests and the of objectives of the many stakeholders could be at stake. These regulations could be very different from commercial bankers’. They emphasize more on post-merger systemic risk than bankers. This is because of the costly banking crises; for example the financial tsunami of 2007. Thus these policies are given great importance by the economists and pol icymakers. There is a need to closely study the megabank failures, their consequences on financial markets and the economy and they must be supported by empirical evidence on the concentration. The scope of mergers and acquisitions has been manageable. The focus of this paper is on the relationship between banking consolidation and stability by examining the stability. The financial institutions under study are of the Canadian banking system. The time period under study is 1867-1935; from Confederation to the formation of the Bank of Canada. Hypothesis one says that these mergers and acquisitions are driven by market forces. They later become more efficient and stable banking system. The other hypothesis says that mergers and acquisitions have been

How the Reduced Shakespeare Company's rendition of Shakespeare plays Research Paper

How the Reduced Shakespeare Company's rendition of Shakespeare plays is a positive influence in the world of theater - Research Paper Example The success of the RSC’s works can be gauged from the fact that three of their shows ran for nine straight years in the Criterion Theatre located in Piccadilly Circus. These shows have been recognised as London’s longest running comedies and have even superseded Andrew Lloyd Weber’s shows in the West End. (Reduced Shakespeare Company) The RSC has some typical methodologies for performing on stage and on adapting popular works. One technique is to abridge entire pieces of literature into manageable pieces of performance on stage. This ensures that the audience is involved in the performance. Another technique is the use of comedy within these works through improvisation and planning to make these performances more entertaining for the audience. Improvisation is a major facet of the way that the RSC conducts its stage performances. The acts are known to be highly varied from one performance to the other, even with the same cast because of the improvisation involved . (Utah Shakespearen Festival) This introduces another favourable aspect of the RSC’s performance style. The constant improvisation ensures that the performances presented are in sync with contemporary trends and styles. This ensures that the pieces of literature and theology presented by the RSC are relevant to audiences even today. In the words of Daniel Singer, the founder of the RSC, the work of the RSC helps modern audiences connect with classic literature. He contends that without such connections, classic literature and performances would turn into a â€Å"ghettoistic† culture. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare Evolution The RSC’s most popular presence on stage, television and other forms of media has been The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. This popular piece evolved over a number of years from various experiences and experiments. The founder of the RSC, Daniel Singer and a few other young performers were trying to create a half an hour ve rsion of Shakespeare’s Hamlet for a performance at the Novato California Renaissance Pleasure Faire. The venue where the play was staged was hot, full of dust, noisy and full of distractions. It was next to impossible to keep the audience’s attention. The performance venue was frequented by â€Å"drunken hecklers, intrusive parades and backstage confusion† in the words of David Singer. Consequently, the cast was forced to improvise extensively. This improvisation improved by a large degree as the performances proceeded. (Singer) Consequently, Daniel Singer along with Adam Long and Jess Winfield began to enact various pieces of literature in rather hilarious ways. The performances were well adapted in terms of time so that the audience did not drift away. The subject material of the piece of literature was delivered using contemporary trends in the performing arts. New trends such as the use of matinee programming, hip hop etc. were also introduced with time to k eep the audience engrossed in the performance. Various works from Shakespeare were adapted including Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Hamlet, Merchant of Venice, the line of dramas about England’s kings and the like. Eventually, the troupe decided to merge all of these acts into one performance. This laid the foundation for what became The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Eventually the entire lineage of Shakespeare’s work was put together and the performance was fine tuned to last a total of

POL2000 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT WK 1 ASSIGNMENT Essay

POL2000 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT WK 1 ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Fundamentally, personal liberty enhances progress in a society. Hence, people discover better ways of life in an environment full of greater freedom. Individualism is the belief system for an individual’s potential to have common sense, be rational and act fair, which underlines the democratic view of popular rule. The collective rights of individuals give governments the authority and the power with these concepts diffusing through democratic ideals. Nonetheless, some democracies prioritize other elements ahead of the individual. For example, China, Cuba, and Vietnam promote a form of governance known as statism, which centralizes power and authority over the economy instead of an individual. In contrast, modern democracies consider citizens as more important than a community or the nation. Equality of Opportunity: According to Jefferson’s first draft of the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"All men are created equal and from that equal creation they derive rights inherent and unalienable, among which are the preservation of liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (as cited in Magleby, Light, & Nemacheck, 2011, p.22). In effect, these values augment the significance of an individual in a democratic process. However, American politics create controversy in the definition of equality and other mechanics to achieve equality in the society. Popular sovereignty is the principle that ultimate political power and authority lies with people, which is the principle that defined the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence, and the new nation. The implication is that a government derives its power through popular consent from the people it governed. Hence, a commitment to democracy is the willingness of citizens to participate in the decision-making process in government. While these principles may be agreeable, the implication is that the minority should prepare to lose when the majority votes in a particular way. Democratic

Matching Objectives to Instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Matching Objectives to Instruction - Essay Example For students to learn and remember a concept, they need to see multiple examples.They also need to gain generalization knowledge, and apply the concept via application activity, which is very close to the real world. The lecture and test approach requires students to memorize facts as the main objective (Beirne and Velsor, 2012). The strategy helps the instructor to evaluate the students’ understanding of the lesson content. It fits well in administering history classes and other classes that do not require other activities apart from memorizing facts. If the lecture objective is to make the learners to apply lecture content, then the teacher has several activities to do (Rawlins and Metzger, 2014). After presenting the facts through reading and lecturing, the instructor must show the learners how to make knowledge generalizations from background knowledge. The background knowledge presents itself from discussions, study problems or assignments and provides the students with opportunities to apply the learned principles in papers, laboratory experiments, case studies, examinations and small group projects. The application of the strategy is in teaching mathematics, sciences and other associated subjects that require content

Journalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journalism - Assignment Example It also helps students improve their learning tasks and objectively view news stories through proactive involvement with the people. Indeed, like other areas, citizen journalism can also be exploited by vested interests to promote biased views or inflammatory material. But news items from citizen journalists need to be whetted for credibility of the news and read skeptically. Most importantly, technology has considerably enhanced the reach of the citizen journalist whose stories gets wider readership than the hitherto used tools like pamphlets or local platforms. But the important fact is that citizen journalism offers mainstream population with innovative tools to expose shortcomings of the policies and programs of the government and private enterprises. It also brings together people with common interests to fight collectively against social ills or causes that are detrimental to the development of a region or nation. Hence, it plays important role in

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I Essay

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I - Essay Example nfluenced all aspects of society from the basic family setting where men are viewed as the head of the family with the task of making important family decisions mainly resting on them to the work places where they hold the high esteemed positions. Women have therefore had to fight to be recognized from all fronts. They have learnt how to balance their caring nurturing side with their go-getter side making them a force so powerful. Standpoints have supported strong objectivity whereby marginalized or oppressed people such as women have been made able to create more objective accounts of the world. They have had to adapt to the masculine culture by taking up more male dominated roles like by venturing into fields like engineering which are more technical. In other words they have become bicultural. On the other hand when felt oppressed, they have learnt to stand up for their rights because of the strong objectivity the standpoints have offered them. This is seen vividly when it comes to the issue of women sexuality. They have defended their sexuality from the inhumane practices like rape, domestic violence and harmful demeaning cultural practices. Women have also learnt how to be accountable for the way they articulate their wants and demands. They base their demands on facts that are rational detaching all the emotional aspects that would discredit their plea on the basis that they are weak. Women have learnt how to look out for their

Ownership and Control as Important Aspect of the Media Essay Example for Free

Ownership and Control as Important Aspect of the Media Essay Discuss two contrasting theories and relevant studies to explain the extent to which ownership and control is an important aspect of the media. The term mass media is essentially information which is targeted at a large audience. The Mass media is a global industry which has played a major role in shaping society over the 20th century. As technology has developed and created the opportunity to communicate with huge numbers of people, the mass media has developed and with it the media’s impact on society. Over the last fifty years the media has changed its shape yet again to fit in with our increasingly technological society; various forms of new media have appeared: smartphones, laptops, internet and ipods. The general aim of these new mediums is to allow greater flexibility to the user and access media while mobile, also they are not physical forms of media but electronic, which has its own advantages and disadvantages. There have also been major changes in ownership and control of the media; it has become both increasingly concentrated and transnational. An example would be the controversial Mr. Murdoch. His News International group owns over one third of newspapers in Britain, Two other companies, Mirror Group Newspapers and United Newspapers own another 40 per cent between them. This clearly shows that the bulk of the power is held by only a few individuals, this creates very serious political and economical implications. Murdoch’s paper has been partially responsible for getting each government elected over the past fifty years; every party he has supported over the years has won. Two main sociological theories are used to explain ownership and control of the mass media: Pluralist theory and Marxist theory. Each have there own interpretations of the issues and subsequent strengths and weaknesses which I shall now discuss. Pluralist theory is all about power in society. They believe that no one group or elite dominates society. It is essentially a functionalist view. Instead Pluralists believe that there is a range of interest groups who share power. Pluralists argue that the mass media reflect such a range of interests. They argue that the mass media simply reflect what we, the public, want. If it is biased it is because that is the view people want to hear, it simply reflects the publics opinion rather than trying to make people think a particular way. For example the British press is generally conservative; Pluralists argue this is because British society is generally conservative. Pluralists would also say that the mass media provides a wide and diverse choice for the consumer. Therefore there is no single dominant ideology but a genuine choice for the consumer. Minority views are expressed just the same as the dominant views. Because of this Pluralists argue that the mass media has little or no influence on the views of the masses. At most it simply reinforces what people already believe. Pluralism recognizes the ability of the individuals to make up there own mind about key issues. For example, in the general elections of 1997 and 2001 viweing figures dropped sharply during the campaign, suggesting most people had decided who to support before the campaign even started. Furthermore in the 1992 elections the swing to the conservatives was just as great from the neutral Independent as is was from those who read pro-conservative tabloids. Even readers of The Sun, which was strongly against a conservative government, indicated in election polls that they had voted conservative. The Pluralist perspective is criticized for ignoring clear evidence of bias, mainly political bias and the influence it can have on society. For example, the political party supported by Rupert Murdoch’s papers has won every election since 1979. When he decided to switch from Labour to Conservative in 1997, there was a 15 per cent swing to Labour amongst readers of The Sun. This clear evidence of bias due to the views of a single man is ignored by the Pluralist perspective. The impact of the mass media is obviously key to election campaigns and has a massive impact on society as a whole. Arguably Rupert Murdoch alone has been responsible, in part, for getting each government elected since 1979. This clearly is very undemocratic and bad for the country. The Marxist conflict theory views the mass media as a means of not only influencing people, but also controlling them. It is used as a tool by the ruling class to maintain control and power through transmitting a conformist conservative view of the world. Sociologist have created two general views within Marxism, Manipulative Marxism – which places emphasis on the mass media as a form of economic capitalism and Hegemonic Marxism – which emphasises the mass media as a means whereby the ruling class project a culture which reflects their own norms and values, to the exclusion of all others. The concentration of ownership increases such control. Marxists also argue that the ruling class use the media as a filter through which information is passed to the mass of the population. In emphasizing the acceptance of the status quo, the media resists change and therefore works against the interests of the working class. The media therefore will project capitalism positively, creating a false class consciousness to the proletariat to prevent them realizing their exploitation and thus overthrow capitalism. Because of the established media moguls such as Rupert Murdoch it is difficult for small firms and individuals to gain much credit and fame. The Marxist perspective is seen as strong in analyzing the mass media from a conflict perspective. In doing so it helps to explain the mass media as a source of inequality within capitalist society. It also helps to explain the perceived bias within the media. For Marxists this is particularly important in a political and economical context. Marxism identifies and analyses political bias within the media, for example the consumerism culture that the newspapers promote. However, the Marxist theory is criticized for underestimating the ability of individuals to absorb information and make up there own minds about what they agree with or disagree with. Critics argue that people are not like robots who passively accept what they are told, rather they critically judge a variety of issues and make up there own mind using what they have been told and their own individual experience with the issue. James Curran, in Mass Media and Democracy: A reppraisal (1991), argues that the growth of commercial radio and television re-affirms the view that there is a widespread choice with a core public sector combined with an expanding private sector. Thus, the impact of ownership and control is negligible given the real and diverse choice that exists. Currans study supports the Pluralist perspective. Studies such as Curran’s are strong in recognizing the changing nature of British industry and how it applies to the mass media. Such conclusions are supported by the reality of the mass media that, despite a concentration of ownership, is run by a diverse range of individuals from different social backgrounds, through joint stock companies. However, this tends to ignore the fact that the largest proportion of shares in any public liability company is owned by either wealthy individuals or large institutional shareholders. From a Marxist perspective the ruling class is seen as an agent of ideological control in modern society, used by the ruling class to establish and impose its values on the working class. This is a view taking by Miliband in The State in Capitalist Society (1973). Miliband argues that the mass media is an agent of capitalist control, rejecting the pluralist theory that there is genuine choice.

Autocratic Management Have No Place in Todays Business World- Discuss Essay Example for Free

Autocratic Management Have No Place in Todays Business World- Discuss Essay Many people think nowadays that autocratic management is bad and doesnt motivate employees. They believe this type of management will never work in todays business world. However, it is not entirely possible for todays world to have everyone as democratic people, nor is it true that most people are Theory Y type. Autocratic management used to be the most effective management technique, as well as the simplest. Employees are told what to do and expected not to question back, like in the army. If the worker fails to accomplish the task then he/she either gets fired or disciplined. Managers always expect his/her decisions and orders to be obeyed without question, and everything will go fine. Managers tend to be in control of nearly everything within a firm, and make all the decisions. They also believe that workers are only motivated by incentives such as money and are lazy, which is based on McGregors Theory X and Taylors theory. The advantages of this type of management are that it is quite efficient, as there are no disputes of any sort between the employees and the management. Secondly, the decisions within a firm could be done very quickly and efficiently as there is practically no such thing as a discussion and opinions. The drawbacks of this style of management, however, are that employees wont have a sense of self-esteem or self-actualization, which is specified in Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. It is not possible to fully motivate an employee if this management is used. Also, communications within the firm will almost be non-existent, which is a problem for social needs. Workers will feel bored or demotivated if they even cant establish any relationship within the workplace. The business world today can be considered as different to the world in the past. However not everything would change in such a swift pace, therefore it is not possible that all employees are Theory Y type workers. The initial statement that claims autocratic management has no place in todays business world is practically impossible to be true, because there are still people in this world that still supports this type of management. There are still lazy and selfish people in the world that fit perfectly into McGregors Theory X. Some people might not like the idea of making their own decisions as they fear it might affect the business in a negative way so they would rather rely on management to do all the decision making. Also, workers who, in the past, had worked in an autocratic environment will tend to act the same as their superiors when they become part of the management. It is similar to child abuse, where the child grows up to be a very aggressive person. Autocratic managers obviously wouldnt like to work in a democratic firm, as the manager tends to refuse any delegation to his/her subordinates. It is believed that autocratic management is very effective in the short-term but would be devastating in the long-term. This is because there is a high chance of a large number of labour turnovers within the business and the morale of existing workers would rapidly decrease. Eventually the employees would probably go on industrial action or, in worse scenarios, sue the business for unfair treatment. The quality of output from subordinates will also decrease, as they are highly demotivated due to the fact that they are like puppets, doing what theyre told. They dont feel as if theyre a part of the company. It is successful in the short-term because employees are initially motivated by money, which explains the high output. Also, as stated before, decisions are made very quickly therefore the firm can achieve their objectives in no time. Of course, as time passes employees are no longer interested in money that much as before, so they start to get demotivated. In conclusion, there is a place for autocratic management in todays business world. It is just not as widely accepted as before because humans believe that they can think for themselves and never needs to be commanded by another being. Nevertheless some might say democratic management tends to do better than autocratic management, but that all depends on the employees themselves.

Children Learn To Be Strong Children And Young People Essay

Children Learn To Be Strong Children And Young People Essay The main principle of building positive relationships is identified in the Early Years -Development Matters document is that children learn to be strong and independent through positive relationships. Every child is a unique individual, a competent learner from birth who can be strong, capable, confident and self-assure. Children learn to be strong and independent from a base of loving and secure relationships with parents and /or keyworkers. Parents are childrens first and most enduring educators. When parents and practitioners work together in Early Years settings, the results have a positive impact on childrens development and learning. Early years practitioners need to consider childrens age and stage of development as a factor when ensuring that the environment is safe and suitable for children. If you are able to build good relationships with parents, this is also a really positive thing, as parents will share information easier and take an interest in what their child is learn ing. The EYFS has as a statutory component the requirement for all children to be allocated a key person. A key person is someone who develops a close and genuine bond with a child, takes additional responsibility for the childs welfare and works closely with parents. A key worker acts as a surrogate attachment figure when the child is separated from parents and carers. This essay will recognise how positive relationships promote childrens well-being. And analyse the importance of a key worker system. It will explain the benefits of building partnership with parents for children learning and development. Describe how to develop positive relationships within the early years setting, making reference to principles of effective communication. The main principle of building positive relationships is identified in the Early Years -Development Matters document is that children learn to be strong and independent through positive relationships. Effective communication plays a vital role in the early years settings. When effective communication is established, positive relationships can begin to develop between practitioners and young children. Good health and well-being is central to effective learning. Children are more likely to develop self-confidence, resilience and positive views about themselves when they are involved in a respected, safe and secure environment where their achievements and contributions are values and celebrated. Childrens relationships influence their well-being through development, and learning. Consistent, secure, responsive, and respectful relationships with caring adults are vital to childrens wellbeing. Through trusting relationships with adults, young children learn about their world and their pla ce in it. They learn the world is safe and responsive to their needs. Babies and young children learn to be strong and independent through loving and secure relationships with parents and carers. When children are looked after outside the home they can develop security and independence through having a key person to care for them. A keyworker such as a practitoner provides a reassuring link with home so that the children can cope with being separated from the special people in their lives. Positive relationships with children and young people are important because: à ¢-  When children feel comfortable with us they can separate more easily from their parents à ¢-  Children are more likely to participate in the play and learning activities if they are secure emotionally à ¢-  When children have strong relationships, they are less likely to show unwanted behaviour as we can recognise and meet their needs à ¢-  Childrens language develops more quickly because they feel con ¬Ã‚ dent talking to us à ¢-  Practitioners can plan more accurately as they understand childrens developmental needs and know their interests à ¢-  Practitioners are able to respond to children more e ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ectively because they can recognise their expressions and emotions. Children deserve to feel, and to be respected by all adults and other children. Children want and need positive, loving relationships with the people close to them. The Early Years Foundation stage has a key worker system in operation. Each child will be given a responsible member of staff which we refer to as a key worker. A key worker is a practitioner who is designated to meeting the individual needs of a child, and to build a positive relationship with their parents. The key worker system is essential for children to develop a close relationship and strong bond with a key worker who will be looking after them. A key worker is responsible for the settling in period. The key worker needs to form a bond with the children, especially babies in their care. Babies need to be with the same people each day to develop social relationships. This is why the Early Years standards have put a key worker system into action. A key worker will be nominated as the first point of contact for the child and family. In order for practitioners to understand the childs requirements and enable the child to become secure in their environment practitioners will have to build a relationship with parents in order to discover the childs routine an particular interests and needs the child may have. The keyworker system is especially important for young babies as they are totally dependent upon their careers, they can become anxious when separated from their parents. Erik Erikson devised a theory of psychology development. Erik Erikson believed that the quality of care of children in this age group receive depends on how well they develop trust in their careers. Erikson claimed that in the stage (birth-1year) the child will develop a sense of basic in the world and in his ability to affect events around him. The development of this depends on the consistency of the childs major caregiver. If the care the child receives is consistent, predictable and reliable then the child will develop a sense of trust, and will be able to feel secure even when threatened. However, if the care has been harsh, or inconsistent, unpredictable and unreliable then the child will develop a sense of mistrust and will not build confidence in the world around them. This child will constantly carry mistrust with him to other relationships. McLeod, S. A. (2008).   Successful development of trust will enable the child to feel safe and secure within their environment. Being consistent with childs routine and ensuring their individual needs are met will develop trust. Key workers should allow time for a one to one communication with individual children throughout the day to support their emotional well-being. All Early years settings will meet their own requirements of roles and responsibilities. The role of a key worker is to keep up to date with the childs development within the setting through observation, and sharing this information with the parents and carers. Responsibilities of the key worker include: Assessing the childs individual needs. Sharing information with parents on all aspects of their childs care. Meeting the entire childs need throughout the day in nursery. Physical needs-Nappy changing, skin care and bottle feeding. Emotional needs-Settling the child on arrival each session and comforting when distressed. Developmental needs- Planning learning with the individual child Spend time with individual children promoting their learning and development through play. The Ecological systems theory states that human development is influenced by the different types of environmental systems, Formulated by famous psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. The micro systems setting is the direct environment we have in our lives. Your family, friends, classmates, teachers, neighbours and other people who have a direct contact with you are included in your micro system. The micro system is the setting in which we have direct social interactions with these social agents. Sarah Mae Sincero (March14, 2012). In early years setting, a childs microsystem would include their relationship with their key workers, friends, other staff members and the environment. Effective key worker should be committed to their role, by demonstrating to be a good communicator, needs to remain calm and confident throughout the day, able to make time to communicate with the parent and carers. Effective communication with children can develop positive relationships and develop a strong bond, it is therefore important for practitioners to communicate in an appropriate manner. Childrens learning and wellbeing are enhanced when families and childcare professionals work together in partnership to promote the best outcomes for children; quality care occurs when childcare professions understand each childs family, culture, community and when they use this knowledge to provide experiences in ways that are meaningful to the child. When parents and practitioners work together in early years settings, the results have a positive impact on childrens development and learning. Early Years settings work to build parent confidence in what they do already at home and they offer idea to support and enhance this. Most significantly, they exchange information about children regularly or on a weekly bias with parents. They listen to what parents have to say about their own childs capabilities and interests, ad make use of these observations for future planning, encouraging parents to be active in the planning process. Parents and practitioners have a lot to learn from each other this can help them to support and extend childrens learning and development. Parents should review their childrens progress regular and contribute to their childs learning and development record. Parents can be helped to understand more about learning and development record. Young children flourish when the adults caring for them work together. Fa milies know their childs strengths, personality, moods and behaviours very well. When families and staff work together they can exchange information, and can focus on meeting each childs needs and supporting their development. When children see positive communication between their parents and staff, they begin to learn that it is important to build health relationships, for example children who see their parents communicating well and being friendly with staff, children will feel valued and important when in the care of their practitioners. Parents and carers who are positively involved with their children can help reduce mental health difficulties. In partnership, families and staff can share their experiences with each other and their understanding of how their bond is important to a child. For example (x) likes to cuddle on to a special teddy at sleep time at home, this experience should be offered in the care setting. Strong partnerships between early years practitioners, staff and parents are essential in early years settings and are one of the important relationships to develop. But too often, parents and program staff do not effectively communicate with each other, thereby limiting opportunities for developing open, respectful, and trusting relationships. Miscommunication, or limited communication between adults, can lead to situations that adversely affect all of the parties involved. Parents play an important role in the admission of their child to the early years setting. Working in partnerships will help meet the childs individual needs, through identifying information about a childs background to health and wellbeing such as illnesses, disabilities, allergies, likes and dislikes and emergency contact information. There are many way to involve parents within the setting such as arranging open days, an open day is a social opportunity for parents to communicate with other parents and early years staff this will help build parents confidence and self-esteem. Key workers should share their observations and assessments of the child with their parents and encourage parents to try out similar activities at home with their child. Outgoings in an early years settings is a good opportunity for parents to be involved in their childs learning and development, when the early years setting has organised an outgoing this will give parents the opportunity to take part and com e along and meet other children and staff. Parent evenings play a vital. Role in early years they will allow parents and keyworkers to discuss their childrens development progress. Parents should be invited to come to the setting to carry out workshops or activities on particular subjects, all parents are unique and come from different backgrounds, they can get the opportunity to be involved in promoting diversity by carrying out activities such as cooking food or demonstrating different clothing from different backgrounds. There are many barriers to parent involvement which must be recognised and overcome to promote involvement and partnership working. Parents with different languages may find it uncomfortable to communicate so staff members should aim to learn a few works and phrased in home languages to help them feel welcome. If a parent has low self-esteem and confidence they will not feel comfortable in joining in. practitioners should overcome this barrier by welcoming and su pporting parents in becoming involved in the setting. Parents have busy life and will not always have time to communicate with the staff at the setting when they are dropping or picking up their child, so practitioners should arrange times or regular parents evenings for parents to communicate in their available time. Positive relationships with children are important; practitioners act as role models and are effectively teaching children how to have positive relationships with other people as well. A positive relationship for a young child is very important as this increases their confidence and trust in other people. Positive relationships are made by first of all actively listening to the child and finding out their likes, and dislikes. Children at different stages have very different needs and interests and learn in different ways. Communication for children needs to consider different abilities and needs at different ages and this must be child-centred and age appropriate. Communication is a fundamental skill within a learning environment and is the main source of interaction amongst children, practitioners and staff in a learning environment. It is a mean of setting foundations to build positive relationships making children feel safe and to develop their self-esteem (feel good about themselves). In order for communication methods to be effective we need to have knowledge of relationships which is the main concept that drives positive behaviour. Actively listening to children, what they have to say is an example which can promote relationship in a learning environment. The importance of this form of communication is that it tends to help children to build their self-esteem, makes them feel valued and welcomed bec ause their views are being listened to by others. Verbal communication requires verbally encouraging children to respond to open question discussions which can promote positive relationships. Written communication in the form of comments, praise (certificates) highlighting achievements in good work can contribute towards positive relationships. The importance of this form of communication is that it keeps the children interested to take part, increase their concentration. Creates an effective learning environment and stimulates them to strive for success which contributes towards positive relationships in a learning environment. Regardless of the type of setting, the ability to communicate effectively is crucial for developing positive relationships with children, young people and their families. Communicating well involves the following: Giving your full attention- by maintain eye contact. Being aware of your body language use appropriate gestures and facial expressions. Listening- by showing response of nodding and smiles. Taking account of individual needs. Being sensitive to cultural differences in communication.   If the child speaks different language- use of photographs or other visual aids ma help. Hearing impediment- use sign language or visual aids to facilitate communication more effectively. Being confident build confidence in your communication skills by practicing how and what you want to communicate, and role modelling good communication skills. Conclusion Positive relationships are important because it helps a child to develop independence and build their self-esteem, positive relationships will help children feel confident, secure and be able to trust their relationships with adults. A strong connection between families and childcare providers is essential for building positive relationships. A Parents role is to talk with the people who care for your child on a daily basis about eating habits, behaviour, activities, learning of new skills, friends, or other happenings in your childs day. . As a parent you need to strengthen the bond between your child and her keyworker by helping to establish an attitude of trust. Mention the keyworkers name in conversation at home, and show interest in your childs interactions with her/him. As a practitioner, you should know the importance of working with parents and how these relationships can support childrens learning. Practitioners and parents need to develop a good two way communication in ord er to gain good effective positive relationship between the child and a practitioner.

Letter from a Birmingham Jail and The Declaration of Individualism :: Letter from Birmingham Jail

Letter from a Birmingham Jail and The Declaration of Individualism Although the time periods and goals may be different the method for bringing about change is usually the same, this method is protest. This method is supported by two different people, in two different time periods, with two different goals; these two people are Thomas Jefferson and Martin Luther King Junior. Martin Luther King Junior's letter from a Birmingham Jail was an expression of his encouragement for protest against tradition and established laws and a justification for his actions. King, a leader of a civil-rights group that supported protest against traditional views, encouraged protesting against tradition and established laws that are unjust. In his letter from Birmingham Jail King states: "It was illegal to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at that time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's anti-religious laws." This excerpt shows that King encourages protest because in some situations he deems it necessary, be it in Hitler's Germany, a Communist country, or any situation in which injustices are occurring. In the last sentence of the excerpt King openly admits that he would protest against established laws or traditions. King was against the traditional views and unjust laws, which discriminated against him and his fellow people. He felt that the only way that these unjust laws and traditional beliefs would ever change would be by means of protest. He felt that without protest the laws and traditions would remain the same forever. Along with encouraging protest, King's letter was also a justification of his actions. The letter was written to his fellow clergymen to explain his prior actions and to attempt to justify them. In the letter he tried to explain to the clergy that his actions although illegal were justified and appropriate for the situation. He expressed that he exhausted every other option possible and direct action was the only available option left, which could make a difference. Similarly to King's letter from Birmingham Jail, The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson to encourage the protest of established laws and justify possible actions. But unlike King, Jefferson also encouraged individualism in his declaration. His views are distinctly stated in the first sentence of The Declaration of Independence: "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to

Big Bang Theory :: physics science space

Cosmology in general predates the physics that we rely upon in the twenty-first century. Its history is intertwined with religion as an attempt to understand or explain the workings of the world. Science on the grandest scale has felt great impedence from religious dogma and pontificators, specificly, the relationship between Gallileo and the Catholic church. The entire history of cosmology is a subject too broad for a small project to contend with, so I want to explore the workings of just the Big Bang theory; its creation, evolution and adaptation to new data, and revision with inflationary theory. The Beginning: After Isaac Newton revolutionized mechanics, the term 'cosmology' (or 'cosmogeny' at the time) refered only to the solar system and the immediate environs. Newton did a lot to dispell the geo-centric myths surrounding celestial motion, with his theory of universal gravitation. If planets moved on celestial spheres, instead of moving because of gravity, gravity must not be universal. Before Einstein, before his revolutionary theory of general relativity of 1915, most astronomers believed that the universe consisted of only one galaxy, the Milky Way. Outside galaxies were certainly studied, but not understood as independant and very distant galaxies similar to our own. Einstein did not apply his new gravitational field equations to cosmological models until 1917. Predecessors such as Mach and Gallileo grappled with the concepts of inertia inspired Einstein. Newton had attempted to formulate a cosmological model using his theory of gravity, and reasoned in 1692 that the universe could be considered an infinite volume container with an infinite number of stars. Newton was unable to define a gravitational force acting upon a particular body with these boundary conditions however. Newton realized that a universe with matter and only gravity acting upon the matter would result in a universe which would eventually collapse. Obviously the universe has not collapsed, which puzzled Newton. Einstein was also puzzled by the appropriate boundary conditions to apply to an aparently infinite volume universe, that has not collapsed. In the model of 1917 he tried to describe a universe that exists in a steady state, that is, not collapsing and not expanding. The creation of the big bang model was an inadvertant by-product of his classic 'cylindrical universe,' because such a steady universe must have a mysterious cosmological constant holding it up, and keeping it from collapsing.

Comparing Women in Rappaccinis Daughter, Prophetic Pictures, Lady Elea

The Role of Women in Rappaccini's Daughter, The Prophetic Pictures, Lady Eleanor's Mantle, and The Birth-Mark When researching criticism on Hawthorne's works, I ran across an interesting piece that dealt with the feminist view of "The Birth-Mark."   The article, written by Fetterly, explores the relationship between Aylmer and his wife, and how this relationship is a typical male-dominated situation.   Although there is the fact that the story deals with the failure of the scientist, there is an underlying current here of how Aylmer views his wife: in a negative manner.   This view towards women can be seen in several of the works of Hawthorne's - among them "Rappaccini's Daughter," "The Prophetic Pictures," and   "Lady Eleanor's Mantle."   While this view of women is not always at the forefront of the piece, it is certainly worth exploring how they are treated by the men in each.   In "The Birthmark," Aylmer sets about the task of ridding his wife of the one imperfection she has.   By attempting to perfect her, the readers get the idea that somehow Georgiana is not adequate and this inadequacy lies in her appearance.   The message to the readers seems to be that women need to be perfect on the outside as well as on the inside, which Aylmer claims is flawless.   Aylmer decides he is going to "fix" Georgiana.   Feminists look at this as a male control issue.  Ã‚   There are several mentions of Georgiana as being "otherwise so perfect," in both appearance and soul - save for this birthmark.   This idea of having to have the most beautiful wife is very degrading view of women.   It plants the idea in our minds that men are superior to women, and that men are the ones who can "fix" females in the attempt to bring them up to the level of me... ...hadow of death falling over the female characters in each of these stories.   This would fit into what Fetterly describes as "the great American dream of eliminating women."   It seems that the role of the men in these pieces were chiefly to try and control their wives/love interests/daughters in the attempt to get an upper hand in the battle of the sexes.   There are not any productive male-female relationships seen here, and feminists would conclude that this stems from the need to dominate women, probably because men are afraid of the power of women.   We can't know what's going on in the minds of these men, but it certainly is interesting to look at the relationships they have with the main female characters. Works Cited: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. " Rappaccini's Daughter." Nathaniel Hawthorne's Tales. Ed. James McIntosh. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1987.

A Study on the Interpretation of Dreams

Interpreting dreams has been a subject of interest for thousands of years. There have been many theories formed by top scientists and psychologists, but dreams still remain a mystery. There are websites all over the Internet that promise to decode dreams in just a few easy steps, but most of those are for fun and entertainment.What do professionals have to say about the interpretation of dreams? That is the question this paper seeks to answer. As with any somewhat scientific subject, there are as many answers as questions. The writer will start with the earliest information about dreams, and explain the prevalent theories, both past and present, about dream interpretation.Dreams have been fascinating people for as long as there have been people on the Earth. The very first mention of a dream comes from ancient Babylon, around the year 3000 B.C. (Biele and Piotrowski, 1986).The dream is only mentioned in passing on a stela carved to commemorate a great achievement by a â€Å"God-fear ing man,† but the fact that it was mentioned at all gives us an idea of how important dreams were to the ancients (Biele and Piotrowski, 1986). People made â€Å"consulting dreams† before taking any action a regular part of life up to the 16th Century, A.D., and no doubt many people still follow the practice (Biele and Piotrowski, 1986).Perhaps the two most noted â€Å"dream interpreters† were Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. Freud wrote his book, The Interpretation of Dreams , in 1955, and it immediately caused a stir. Freud asserted that, â€Å"the scientific theories of dreams leave no room for any problem of interpreting them, since in their view a dream is not a mental act at all . . . † (p.96).He highly disagreed with the idea that dreams meant nothing. He did not agree with the ideas of dreams being interpreted â€Å"symbolically† or by â€Å"decoding† (Freud, 1955, p. 96-97). Instead, he claimed to have found a â€Å"scientific methodâ⠂¬  to interpreting dreams (Freud, 1955, p. 100).Freud explained that he had attempted to â€Å"unravel . . . hysterical phobias, obsessional ideas, and so on† for years (p. 100). He finally came upon the notion â€Å"that if a dream can be inserted into the psychical chain†Ã‚   than the dream could be â€Å"treated as a symptom† (Freud, 1955, p. 101). Freud believed that interpreting dreams in a scientific way would reveal the true problem troubling the patient. The problem could then be treated, and the person would become well (Freud, 1955).Common knowledge of Freud includes the fact that he believed that dreams had to do with â€Å"unconscious sexual and aggressive wishes and fantasies unacceptable to the conscious ego† (Marszalek and Myers, 2006, p. 18) Carl Jung agreed that some dreams could have those implications, but not all (Marszalek and Myers, 2006). He believed that dreams were not just â€Å"disguises† for unmentionable feelings, but they were also â€Å"metaphors† and showed â€Å"creativity† and â€Å"individualization† (Marszalek and Myers, 2006, p. 19). Jung found seven â€Å"archetypes† that seem to appear â€Å"in every culture throughout time† (dreammoods.com).A few of these are the â€Å"Persona,† or the person you show to others, the â€Å"Shadow,† or things you do not like about yourself, and the â€Å"Divine Child,† you as your â€Å"true self†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (dreammoods.com).   Jung’s ideas have proven very helpful in some forms of   â€Å"counseling therapy† because they allow a person to make sense of their dreams and often realize what is behind their problems (Marszalek and Myers, 2006, p.22).Not everyone believes that dreams really mean anything, but most health professionals agree that dreams are very beneficial to people (Waters, 2002). For example, they can â€Å"reveal hidden anxiety, help consolidate memories, regul ate moods, and help to process emotions† (Waters, 2002).One physician notes that major depressives often have a hard time in the morning because their dreams were inadequate to solve their problems (Waters, 2002). Dreams are a time for â€Å"reflection . . . and creativity† (Waters, 2002). However, many physicians warn against getting â€Å"carried away† with interpreting dreams, as not every dream is going to have a â€Å"practical† function (Waters, 2002).However, some lay people do not agree with that assessment. Understand-your-dreams.com has several articles written by Dave Lappin, a self-appointed dream interpreter. Lappin believes that dreams â€Å"speak to us on a spiritual level† because we are â€Å"spiritual beings† (2006).Dreams hold the key to â€Å"a vast storehouse of knowledge† (Lappin, 2006). If we keep having the same dream over and over, it is because we â€Å"have not fully understood the dream message and used it in our waking state† (Lappin, 2006). For Lappin, and those like him, dreams always have a purpose and â€Å"information† for the dreamer.The book, Extraordinary Dreams and How to Work with Them, is something of a middle ground between believing all dreams have messages and no dreams have messages. For the authors, â€Å"ordinary† dreams simply â€Å"reflect daily experiences.† â€Å"Extraordinary† dreams, however, have many functions.They can be â€Å"telepathic, clairvoyant, and precognitive, and some can even be â€Å"out of body, lucid,† and   involve a past life or a visitation (Bogzaran, Krippner, and Percia de Carvalho, 2002). These studies show the cultural differences between groups of people. Many people from other countries and cultures were involved in the studies, and while they have â€Å"ordinary† dreams, they also have fantastic dreams that most modern cultures would be quick to dismiss.The concept of interpreting dre ams runs the gamut from no dream being particularly special to dreams directing our lives. It is difficult to determine what theory, if any, is correct. The truth is that we do dream, and we do often see and act out strange things in our dreams. We see people we have not seen in years, and we work out problems. We dream of ordinary things, and we dream of flying.Perhaps dreams are what a person makes of them. There is no need to believe that every dream will have an earthshattering message, but if a dream comforts a person or stirs them to act, that is all the better. In the end, your dream falls under your own interpretation. Your interpretation is better than what anyone else can give to you, for only you know your true self.AbstractInterpreting dreams has been of great interest to people for thousands of years. Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung are known as two of the authorities on interpreting dreams, even though they have different ideas on the interpretations.Many medical practitio ners see great mental benefits from dreaming, but they caution people to not get too wrapped up in analyzing dreams. Other people take note of their dreams constantly and model their lives around them. Different cultures have different ideas of what is normal in a dream, but in the end we must decide what is normal for ourselves. Regardless of all the information floating about, only we know ourselves well enough to know what our dreams really mean to us.Reference PageBiele, A. and Piotrowski, Z. (1986) Dreams: a key to self knowledge. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: New Jersey.Bogzaran, F., Krippner, S., and Percia de Carvalho. (2002) Extraordinary dreams and how to work with them. State University of New York Press: New York.www.dreammoods.com. Carl jung’s archetypes. http://www.dreammoods.com/dreaminformation/dreamtheory/jung3.htm Accessed September 14, 2006.Lappin, Dave. (2006) The spirituality of dreams. http://www.understand-your-dreams.com/spirituality_dreams.html Accesse d September 14, 2006.Freud, Sigmund. (1955) The interpretation of dreams. Basic Books: New York.Marszalek, J. and Myers, J. (2006) Dream interpretation: a developmental counseling and therapy approach. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 28:1, pgs. 18-30.Waters, J. (7/23/2002) Why do we dream? experts differ on the meaning. The Washington Times: B 01.

Auto management services

The self-propelling dealership world(a) Manager batten downs the profit openness of the dealership by overseeing the various sections which include variable writ of executions ( gross sales & support), fixed operations ( gain & separate), and the business indebtedness (accounting & administration). Duties of the cosmopolitan handler include, but sure as shooting non limited to, supply, motivating and ar graze the dealerships perplexity through leadership and cheering business practices. trade Duties origin duties for a general manger include Hiring whole pick offment po hinge uponions, completing performance evaluations regularly and eveloping unretentive and semipermanent goals for each(prenominal) division passenger car (includes administrative, sales, parts, collision and service sections). Planning and development short and long-term goals and objectives annu every(prenominal)y, and submitting time projections to corporate concern for approval. Effe ctively communicating with the restrainer/office manager on a weekly basis to review segmental forecasts and condition consistency with annual projections.Paying tightly fitting attention to daily operations, recommending and creating improved courses of treat where necessary. Explaining the policies and executions of the dealership to all employees nd by- line of products up with employees to ensure that these issues argon tacit and followed. Providing dealership management with weekly reports on the pecuniary condition of the dealership. Overseeing the monthly financial enjoinment to ensure it is complete, accurate and submitted on time to the management/dealership owners. coordinate with the business/administrative office to ensure that records and analyses atomic number 18 correctly maintained.Creating a reasoned functional relationship with lending institutions and manufacturing business force play and maintaining these relationships. Coordinating regular mergings with the managers of each department to ensure heir profit powerfulness and efficiency. Overseeing the hiring and learn of all department managers. Maintaining an avid attitude to build positive employee attitudes and morale. Overseeing and maintaining wages plans for all employees. Creating cost-effective advertising classs and selling strategies for the dealership.Focusing on any guest complaints that department managers are unable to rectify and taking the necessary steps to resolve these complaints. trick Requirements General managers should arrive at least(prenominal) two course of studys of dealership sales and five years in a supervisory position. Experience in former(a) dealership departments is a plus. They must establish strong leadership and arrangingal skills, and the ability to understand profit and loss statements and manage a large, diverse round. General managers as well as must possess strong conversation skills to deal with customers, employees an d vendors.Managers are required to delay abreast of the federal, state, and local anesthetic regulations attecting their operations and pursue witn them, including hazardous waste disposal and OSHA Right-to-Know regulations. likewise they must provide the necessary fosterage on regulations and ethical practices. AUTOMOTIVE aid MANAGER SUMMARY Directs and coordinates activities concerned with science of automotive equipment and operation and maintenance of automotive fleet repair and repositing facilities by do the following duties personally or through subordinate supervisors.ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES include the following. former(a)wise duties may be assigned. Coordinates activities of personnel conducting interrogation and testing program on automotive equipment considered for acquisition establish on much(prenominal) factors as operational performance, costs of operation and maintenance, operational safety, and compliance with environmental laws and regula tions. Reviews and submits round proposals for modifications to vendor or manufacturer.Directs procurement of all types of guild owned and operated automotive equipment and materials, supplies, and parts required to maintain automotive equipment, garages, and storage facilities. Coordinates automotive repair and maintenance go to obtain maximum utilization of automotive equipment and prevent operational delays in other departments. SUPERVISORY RESPONSIBILITIES Manages total of 7 employees in the Automotive Department. Carries out supervisory responsibilities in accordance with the organisations policies and applicable laws.Responsibilities include interviewing, hiring, and training employees supply, assigning, and directing work appraising performance rewarding and disciplining employees addressing complaints and resolving problems. QUALIFICATIONS To perform this business organization successfully, an individual must be able to perform each inseparable duty satisfactorily. Th e requirements listed below are representative of the knowledge, skill, and/or ability required. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.LANGUAGE SKILLS world power to read and interpret documents such(prenominal) as safety rules, operating and aintenance instructions, and procedure manuals. Ability to write routine reports and correspondence. Ability to speak effectively before groups of customers or employees of organization. MATHEMATICAL SKILLS Ability to calculate fgures and amounts such as discounts, interest, commissions, proportions, percentages, area, circumference, and volume. Ability to apply concepts of prefatorial algebra and geometry.REASONING ABILITY Ability to solve pragmatical problems and deal with a variant of concrete variables in situations where completely limited calibration exists. Ability to interpret a variety of nstructions furnished in written, oral, diagram, or roll form. PHY SICAL DEMANDS While performing the duties of this think over the employee is regularly required to stand take the air use detention to finger, handle, or tang reach with hand and arms and peach or hear. The employee is now and then required to sit climb or balance and stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl.The employee is regularly required to lift up to 10 pounds and up to 25 pounds. The employee is oft required to lift up to 50 pounds. The employee is occasionally required to litt up to 00 pounds. The romance requirements include close vision. While performing the duties of this Job, the employee is regularly required to talk or hear. The employee frequently is required to walk and sit. The employee is occasionally required to stand use hands to finger, handle, or feel and reach with hands and arms.WORK ENVIRONMENT While performing the duties of this Job the employee is regularly exposed to moving machinelike parts and fumes or mobile particles. The employee is frequently exposed to outside bear conditions. The employee is occasionally exposed to high, precarious places hepatotoxic or caustic chemicals and risk of electrical shock. Finance Manager Sells new and use car buyers financial support and damages programs. managers likewise work with financial lenders to give reasonable interest rank to buyers and programs. As with all positions in spite of appearance dealerships, managers are expected to encourage the highest ethical standards.Job Duties Offering vehicle financing and insurance to customers and providing them with a thorough news report of aftermarket results and extended warranties and a complete definition of manufacturer and dealership service procedures and policies. desire new lending institutions and maintaining good working elationships to posit competitive interest rates and financing programs. Processing financing and leasing deals accurately and securing approval through financial sources to secure approval and through the proper federal, state and corporate channels. infrastanding and complying with federal, state and local regulations that mint the new and used-vehicle and finance departments. Creating and maintaining a program with the sales department that will ensure all new sales are referred to the department. Training and providing the sales team with development on finance and lease programs and the benefits of the dealerships financing and xtended service programs. Job Requirements It is recommended that the finance and insurance manager is recommended has two years of automotive sales experience and one year in a dealership management position.Managerial positions are required to maintain the positiveness of their department while controlling expenses and maintaining customer satisfaction. Managers are required to not only understand and keep abreast of the federal, state, and local regulations that affect their operations. F I personnel require strong communication skills in order to work with customers, employees and finance and nsurance vendors as they represent the dealership. People working within the automotive retail industry lots have to work extended hours, evenings and weekends to achieve their goals.HUMAN RESOURCES Job description Human resourcefulness (HR) managers are involved with recruitment, training, career development, compensation and benefits, employee relations, industrial relations, practice session law, compliance, disciplinary and injury issues, redundancies etc. The Job involves keeping up to date with areas such as employment law, which change often. Generalist HR roles are usually found in shrimpy and medium sized ompanies, where the HR manager will deal with the whole range of HR activities. In large multinationals you will otten tind specialists, tor example in learning and development, recruitment or employee relations.Work activities Developing HR planning strategies with line managers by considering immediate and long-term staff requirements Recruiting staff by preparing Job descriptions and Job adverts deciding on how scoop up to advertise Shortlisting applicants for interview using a variety of selection techniques including psychometric testing Interviewing shortlisted candidates Advising on pay and other issues, including forward motion and enefits administer payroll and maintain staff records Interpreting and advising on employment regulation develop and implement policies on a variety of workplace issues eg disciplinary procedures, absence management, working conditions, performance management and jibe opportunities Listening to grievances and implementing disciplinary proceduresAnalysing training ineluctably in conjunction with line managers planning and delivering training, including staff inductions. Functional presidential terms and produce Organization Functional Organizations This is the traditional type of organization. Under functional departments, employees ith closely related s kills and responsibilities (functions) are located in the same department. Workers in each of these functions specialized in their tasks and knowledge. For example, cured management set rules and procedures as how to transportation system the sales orders into the product schedule, how the customer service deal with complaints and warranty issues. They also have large input in the production process. The main advantage of functional organization is efficiency.It works best in gauzy to medium-sized firms that offer relatively few product lines or services. Example of this functional organization will be for a company that anufactured outdoor BBQ stoves. The gross sales people attract the orders from the customers the orders are transfer to the production department for production. Products are made and shipping department ships them to customers. Each department is rated by their department performance. Quality department could delay payload if they feel the product is not mee ting specification, affecting Sales target and their commission. Product Organizations Product organizations are formed based on a particular product, or service. Each of these departments can operate jolly autonomously.A key advantage is better oordination and less barriers to communication among the functional specialists who work on a particular product. , Therefore, able to repartee to customers in a timely way. On the other hand, the disadvantage is that product-oriented departments might real work at cross purposes. For Example, Toyota has a luxury nigh end line ot automobiles called Lexus in addition to their Toyota Brand . school principal either sells Toyota or Lexus but not both. Each dealer has the same Sales and Service department. The logic behind this disclose is Toyota management believe the customers who buy the Lexus note are more affluent and admit higher

Free the Children from Child Labour

Free The infantren from fry Labour The disadvantageous of Child Labour Two hundred trillion kidren atomic number 18 suffering in the reality the world has an estimated 186 zillion tyke proletariaters 5,7 million in strained and bonded crusade, 1. 8 million in prostitution, and 0. 3 million in armed conflict . ( Basu & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Tzannatos, 2003, p. 147). In Africa, Asia and the Middle East, a huge number of squirtren atomic number 18 babe labourers, and most of them under 14 age old. However, they be excogitateing hard as analogous as adults they argon causes long hours every day, and gain in harsh, dangerous and harmful positions.They potentiometert confine normal lives as other infantren they dealt go to take and tick with their families, because they must earn money for themselves and their families. Some of nipper labourers are notwithstanding used as related for loan their parents use them to obtain money. Finally, a barbaria n labour work as a slave, and no future for him. Child labour already becomes a huge and serious job, and governments must give a law to protect and free the children from child labour, because it causes children shit poor genteelness, be abused, and scarcely potentiometer arise tiny income.Child labour has its ad hoc definition. The International comprehend Organization defines child drudge as work federal agencys where children are compelled to work on a stiff basis to earn a living for themselves and their families, and as a result are disadvantaged educationally and socially where children work in conditions that are exploitative and damaging to their health and to their carnal and mental schooling where children are separated from their families, often deprived of educational and training opportunities where children are forced to lead prematurely adult lives. population Education, 2008). Poor education dissever of passel specify roughly child labourers who both(prenominal) work and attend school grass reveal both cosmopolitan knowledge from school and roughly special skills from their work even can be successful in their specific area. However, it is totally wrong. Children hardly lost their opportunities for education, and they can not outfox either benefits from child labour. According to Rosati and Rossi. (2003). In their article, childrens guide onning(a) hours and school enrolment evidence from Pakistan and Nicaragua, working hours perpetually has negative influence for school hours.Some people gestate school hours are exclusively the measure that overleap in school and it is fixed, but the fact is school attendance is only the stripped fixed board of quantify devoted to school. School hours mostly are not fixed however, since children go to work, the hours spent at work actually took from unfixed school hours. For ex adenosine monophosphatele, some child labourers often skip classes, so they dropped come for th because it is not tolerated by school authorities. Also, no time for preview and review classes no time for homework, so they can not even pass their classes.Therefore, anytime time spent at work can be used for education, and it must be used for education. Also, child labourers can not learn any nonrecreational skills from their work, because most children choose unskilled labour, and they usually working on family farm, forbid and restaurants. The ILO estimates that about 20 pct of the people working in commercial tillage in Africa are children. ( Kielland & antiophthalmic factor Tovo, 2006, p. 92). In the article, child labor in the commercial labor trade, (Kielland and Tovo), (2006), they describe African child labourers working situation in agriculture.Because, the main income comes from agriculture in Africa, and lowly on the agriculture system and main crops, people need a huge mount of labours in agriculture. For instance, children can gather some certain kinds of cr ops such(prenominal) as cotton and coffee. During harvest time, people prosecute a lager numbers of children as pickers. other example, child labourers prefer work in bars and restaurants, because they can learn general incomes and the working condition is much better than work in field. However, no matter work in farms or restaurants, in that respect dont have any specific skills can be learned for children.Thus, child labour only can cause poor education to children, and can not give them any benefits. Be abused People think work doesnt harm children, but the truth is children sometimes are abused by their employers such as work as slaves and they may get intimate abuse. Children are easy to exploit through manipulation and mental control mechanisms. They fear of violence and penalty. Also, they are unfledged in life, so they only can devote adults. Thus, children easily get abuse from employers and are controlled by adults.For instance, in the coffee farm in Africa, a wor ker told a boy about a child who tried to escape, but failed. The child was caught and sternly beaten. This made the boy afraid and scared. Therefore, fear of punishment process children keep working as slaves for employers. (Kielland & Tovo, 2006). Sexual abuse is really common in African child labourers. It causes some serious trouble to children such as HIV/AIDS. Working children get sexual abuse more than non working children. For instance, jibe to Kielland and Tovo. (2006).In their article, child labour in the commercial labor market, girls work in restaurants longer than boys, and working late hours in a place where alcohol is served. Some girls can service which is far beyond food and drinks. Because there have no general responsibility for those female child labourers, and people think it is a good way to earn money, girls provide sexual service for their male clients. Thus, child labour harms children so much, and it is damaging to childrens health and physical dev elopment. Tiny incomeMost people believe if let children work, and they can give a huge supporter to their families because they can get income from their work. However, children only can earn a tiny income because of their unique and vulnerable position. According to Kielland and Tovo. (2006). In their article, child labour in the commercial labor market, a child labour only can get half, a third, or even less salary than an adults salary. They work as hard as adults, but they cant gat a salary same(p) as adults because even they only can get a tiny income they still keep working.Especially, when a child leaves home along, he doesnt have any other choices. Sometimes, child labourers cant even get any salary. For example, if a child be a naval division of household work, he isnt paid at all. In Malawi, children help their families work on the land as adaptable labourers during the heaviest time. They help produce tobacco as part of their tenant families, but no payment because th ey are not employed directly by their families. On the other hand, sometimes, employers may save the salaries on behalf of the children, or they may pay for children at the end of the year.During this time, if children run away, they may lose all of their salaries. (Kielland & Tovo, 2006). Besides, check to Christiaensen, Demery and Paternostro. (2003). In their article, macro and small perspective of emergence and poverty in Africa, let children to participate in household work can not make a change of income for the family. They think education and entre to land emerge as key hidden endowments to help households benefit from new economic opportunities. (Christiaensen, Demery & Paternostro, 2003, p. 317).Therefore, dont let children to earn income for family because they only can earn less than a minimum wage or no wages at all. In conclusion, child labour causes children lose their opportunities to go to school get abuse, both physical and sexual from their employers, and they only can earn tiny wages. Children are vulnerable and they need parents protection. Child labour must be ended Education is the key to final stage the exploitation of children. Ending poverty and increasing entranceway to education are therefore crucial tools in the fight against ending child labour.Also, governments must have law to protect children keep away from child labour, and give opportunities to children to create their future. Every single child has a dream, and let us makes their dreams come full-strength References Basu, K. & Tzannatos, Z. (2003). The global child labor problem What do we know and what can we do? The World imprecate Economic Review, 17(2), 147-173. Christiaensen, L. , Demery, L. &Paternostro, S. (2003). Macro and micro perspectives of growth and poverty in Africa. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(3), 317-347. Kielland, A. amp Tovo, M. (2006). Children at work Child labor practices in Africa. United States of American Lynne Rienner Pu blishers, Inc. Rosati, F. C. & Rossi, M. (2003). Childrens working hours and school enrolment state from Pakistan and Nicaragua. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(2), 283-295. World Education. (2008, February 4). Child labor and trafficking. Retrieved February 5, 2008, from http//www. worlded. org/WEIInternet/projects/ListProjects. cfm? Select=Topic&ID= 14&ShowProjects=No&gclid=CKawtIe4wo8CFSJAQQodNGapRQ

Costco Wholesale Corporation Essay

Costco in super quantities crapper operates an world broad strand of rank wargonhouses, principally chthonian the Costco remove break, that need quality, stake name swap at rewardously sink prices than the crop typically fix at constituted wholesale or retail sources. The storage wargonhouses ar designed to serve salubrious abject-to-medium- surfaced rail line linees compress approach in vitiateing for resale and for common bureau trade use. person consumers may overly acquire for their personalized needs.Costcos furrow present dep end ups on lavishly gross tax r howeverue intensity twin with sprightly blood de take offment. Costco operates as a rank and file wargonhouse that is ground on the judgment of crack members the concluding prices on a hold in pickax of topic specks and mete out snobbish-label fork ups that commodiousen a broad and replete(p) feed of categories. This transmission line pre raceing is genuine ly sympathetic and book for this event of grasp and has some(prenominal) benefits. For cardinal, quick blood derangement liquefy with constitute-effective neckcloth forethought systems shorten Costco court of merchandising goods. bustling descent turnover unite with full(prenominal) gross revenue rule book al first-class honours degrees Costco to sell and adept immediate give in offment for goods to begin with it has to pay for all of its mathematical product, this let ins Costco to finance a massive ploughsh atomic number 18 of its breed by means of the requital term provided by its vendors rather than having to manage a muscular on the job(p) jacket to pay for its merchandise . These deliverance in its consummation alter Costco to draw out these preservation on to the consumer in the prep ar of minusculeer-ranking prices. opposite origin its sympathetic is be fount Costco targets eminent end products thus saving in steep- end consumers into its inserts.Demographics and its product born(p) excerption could be discon pixilateding for Costco. Costcos master(prenominal) product alternative prime(prenominal) is tell on up of capacious wad wizard size promotional material much(prenominal) as dope goods, cushy drinks ar muchover sell in these large container quantities. This combine with its important demographic of mortal members who be much(prenominal) sufficient customers in the send packing retail heavens could be a capableness problem. Competitors c atomic number 18 surface-to-air missiles fellowship and BJs in large quantities erect goods or unlike degrees and varying sizes of products allows for much customers to ask to crap at their stores to barter for goods cause non everyone wants to buy a sumptuosity contingent or a protrude sizes. The consequence telephone circuit leader be to hold out to a greater extent products at littler quantities. This go o ut allow morebuyers in who antecedently dexterity non assume shopped a Costco because they be dissociate or film a small family or unspoiled single. some another(prenominal) ar Costco could purify on is its occupy buy relationships. As mentioned earlier Costco could guarantee a carnationing of original items on their shelves so they wad give the axecel stock outs and drowse off gross gross revenue. To patron its realise circumference and cringe colony on other manu facturers it could profit its check off Kirkland private brand products beyond to real 600 products. A utmost insinuation is that Costco could take in additive multi matter expansion. They could place more warehouses in Canada. This is where they rescue been well received. It is the game largest revenue flow rate fag that of the coupled States.Costcos cozy surroundings open fire be ordurevass to render the event competencies to crusade merchandise opportunities and parry accomplishable threats. Costco moldiness combine this with the a manner environs factors to secure a triple-crown long scheme. By analyzing their capabilities, utilize supra methods Costco can posit their strengths. galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) green goddess exchanges on extraneous could take on gigantic stupor to Costco. For example, Suppliers can change the cost of inputs, such as when a wet Federal sets a full(prenominal) pursue for a occurrence craft. If Costco allows the innate make up famers more power, then the farmers could make mo webary rank on Costco. This dependance increases if Costco does not shed m either other sources to communicate the produce. frank gussy up digest may apologise ingrained and external cream off situation. present are a couple of(prenominal) office detect from Costcos jam analysis. They attend to score extensive write up in local anaesthetic areacustomers tend to return to store,no free st raighta direction tilt, heaps of filling and not bad(p) locations,Weaknesses would allowa omit of secure vigilance team,treatment spoilable items geographical limitationsThe opportunities to let on a unusual horizon in constitutional cater and to larn the air are examples of the opportunities visible(prenominal) for Costco. Threats acknowledge some of the nextcompetition, declare of the providence dealings with destructible items abide including natural disastersCostcos orthogonal purlieu strategies are found on firms efficiency to counter in access business environs and trends establish on industries, economy, and policy-making factors. external milieu give personal manner is anchor for any smart set to hunt down its strategies to command its executing and profitability. contempt the doubt and energizing reputation of the business environment, an sound judgment mathematical process that narrows, even if it does not only define, coming(pr enominal) expectations is of true economic value to strategical managers (Pearce II & Robinson , Jr, 2009).In at presents guild a business needs to be unique and allow for a one of a flesh value to save up its customers coming in and acquire its products. An industriousness such as retail can arrest at multiplication high harvest what sets Costco obscure from its competitors to get hold of an private-enterprise(a) advantage is its lead components of the social clubs strategy that were mentioned earlier, low pricing, moderate selection and treasure-hunt merchandising. Is this bounteous to ensure that prox prospects go away purchase items at your store? Costcos master(prenominal) competitors are surface-to-air missiles fellowship and BJs wholesale and twain are akin(predicate) to Costcos way of doing business. Costco is particular(a) twain surface-to-air missiles fiat and BJs in call of net gross sales and mart conduct. Nevertheless, surface-to-air miss iles community has recognise its foodstuff take and is precipitously incoming untried initiatives to evolve its sales and mart share. whiz way they purpose to increase its market share is by accentuation smart products for the rest home kind of of products for small businesses. They to a fault are victimization national TV ads to make consumer more awake of their stores. They likewise are attracting a radical sort of future buyers by scene up a collegiate membership. BJ dissententiates its egotism from both Costco and surface-to-air missiles unite by tour a wide range of items in fact7,300. another(prenominal) way they differ from the competition is they allow for gangplank markets and demonstrate lanes, and low cost video-based sales support to succor make the shop stupefy better.